The Evolution of Sculpture: From Classical to Contemporary Forms

Abstract

This paper explores the evolution of sculpture from its Classical roots in Ancient Greece and Rome to its diverse forms in contemporary art. It examines how sculptural techniques and themes have evolved in response to cultural, philosophical, and technological changes throughout history. Beginning with the idealized representations of the human figure in Classical sculpture, the paper traces the shift to religious iconography in the Middle Ages, the humanist revival during the Renaissance, and the abstraction introduced by Modernist artists. Finally, it discusses the conceptual and interactive sculptures of contemporary artists. By investigating key artists and their works, the paper highlights how sculpture has continuously reflected humanity's shifting values, intellectual pursuits, and creative expressions.