Understanding the Role of Microbiomes in Human Health and Disease

Abstract

The human microbiome is a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, that live within and on the human body. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining human health by contributing to digestion, immune system modulation, and protection against pathogens. Recent research has highlighted the relationship between microbiome imbalances, also known as dysbiosis, and various diseases, such as gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic syndromes, autoimmune diseases, and neurological conditions. Understanding the microbiome's role in health and disease may offer novel approaches to personalized medicine and therapeutic interventions. This paper explores the current literature on the human microbiome's functions, its interaction with the host, and its association with disease pathogenesis, while discussing the potential therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome.